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CHARGING BATTERIES:
Solar charging batteries have a higher level of charging complexity. Because of the solar charge controller and nature of the deep cycle battery, there are fundamentally three (3) stages of charging that should be understood to maintain and preserve battery life in the field.
BULK STAGE: This is the first stage of charging a dead or low solar-charged battery. Bulk charging begins when the sun comes out or the battery is plugged in. When batteries are at a low state-of-charge, generally less than 80%, the controller in the bulk stage allows the battery to accept as much amperage as possible to restore the core battery charge to +/- 90%.
Depending on how low the battery is, this Bulk Stage recharging may take a couple of days to restore its bulk charge.
ABSORB STAGE: Once the battery charge has reached about 90%, the controller goes into the absorb stage whereby the solar panel attempts to keep the battery fully charged at 100%. This is sometimes thought of as a trickle charge.
FLOAT STAGE: Once the battery has been fully charged in the absorb stage, the controller will drop the voltage to maintain a 100% charge without overcharging the battery.